PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY AND NATURAL GEOGRAPHY IN INDIA FOR UPSC, SI EXAMS

 INDIAN GEOGRAPHY.. 

PHYSICAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA.

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INDIAN GEOGRAPHY UPSC CIVIL SERVICE

India's physical landscape is shaped by ancient geological phenomena and is divided into distinct natural regions. These regions represent a wide variety of geological structure, rock formation, and tectonic activities... 

1 Geological Background : Paleomagnetism and GoNdwanaland.. 

. paleomagnetism:- this branch of science studies the magnetic properties preserved in rocks, Sediment, and other formation during their formation . It plays a key role in understanding ancient geological phenomena such as continental drift and plate movements. 

. CONTINENTAL DRIFT THEORY:- According to the this, the Indian mainland was once part of  GONDwanaland, which included present day peninsula india, Australia, Africa, south America, and regions of Antarctica... 

. DUring the mesozoic Era ( jurassic, period, 144-208 million years ago) GONDwanaland spilt into serval fragments due to convention currents. The Indian plate began drifting northward after breaking away from GONDwanaland... 

2 Collision oF the Indian and Eurasian plates : Formation OF The himalayas..

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. As the Indian plate drifted northward ,it collided with the larger Eurasian plate .this tectonic collision led to the compression and folding of the sedimentary rocks of the Tethys sea,which lay between the two plate s. 

This collision resulted in the formation of the Himalayan and the mountain range of West Asia. The himalayas represent a youthful topography  characterized by::

1 HIGH PEaKs 

2 DEEP Valley (Gorges). 

3  FASt flowing rivers. 

The terai region of the himalayas is known for the presence of artesian wells which are formed due to underground water pressure. 

FORMATION OF THE NORTHERN PLANS:-

the Upliftment of the Tethys sea in the himalayas along with the

 subsidence of the northern flank of the peninsula, led to the formation of a large basin. 

+ over time this basin filled with Sedimentary, deposits carried by rivers flowing from the Northern mountains and the peninsula plateau  these deposits gave rise to the vast Northern plains of India, a region characterized by its fertile alluvial deposits. 

The PENINSULA Plateau ; INDIAN'S ANCIENT GEOLOGY. 

The peninsula plateau is one of the oldest landmass geological formation on earth s and is considered the most stable region of India. It is primarily composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks and Features. 

   Hills and broad valleys.. 

. The meghalaya plateau is an extension of the peninsula plateau but was separated due to geological faulting through the Malda gap. Similarly, the Western coast of India was formed due to faulting and subsidence of the Western flank of the plateau.. 

NATURAL REGIONS oF  INDIA. 

India's Diverse physical structure is divided into four broad natural regions based on rock structure relief and tectonic activity... 

• NORTHERN MOUNTAIN S
• NORTHERN PANIS 
• PENINSULA PLATEAU
• COASTAL PLAINS AND ISLAND 

DETAILED PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS. 

 

In addition to the natural regions India can be categorized into four primary and six sub physical geomorphic regions based on relief features and tectonic activities. And movements. 

1. THE NORTHERN AND NORTH EASTERN MOUNTAINS. 
2. THE NORTHERN PAINS
3. THE INDIAN DESERT 
4. THE PENINSULA PLATEAU
5. THE COASTAL PLAINS 
6. THE ISLANDS. 

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